The first evidence of human presence in the far eastern Liguria are made from the deposits of the Cave of Pigeons Palmaria Island. This is the remains of human burials together with bones and fossils of animals, mixed with

hundreds of artifacts made of flint or jasper red (boxcutters, raschiatoi, arrowheads, etc..) and pieces of bone, especially deer, made-to tips, punteruoli, daggers and ornaments (perforated shells, teeth). Although with many doubts, it was stated that the fossil remains and artifacts belonged to hunters and farmers lived in the Upper Palaeolithic, when the island was still attached to the mainland. Of course, the cave was used for burial purposes in the earlier age of metals (3.000-2000 AC), when the island had already separated. In this period were made by the human remains and shell necklaces found in the upper layers.
The Neolithic (5.000-3000 AC) Instead it is witnessed by polished axes of a particular green stone, the “nephritis”. This is a variety of actinolite, which is in Liguria East at the outcrops of serpentinite (Libiola, Monterosso). All these data suggest that the area was inhabited from the Upper Palaeolithic hunters with permanent or temporary residence in caves or rock shelters; Neolithic is instead due to the development of pastoralism (bovine, ovine, pigs) while it is believed that agriculture (barley, wheat, etc. spelled.) has developed nell'eneolitico. Hunting, favored by extensive forests and environments rich in wild game, represented for millennia, possibly even to Roman times, a primary source of resources. Other events, definitely old, but not easy to date are the menhirs, large stones that were stuck vertically into the ground.
One of these is present in the Sunset at the Chapel of S. Antonio and another on the ridge near Mount Capri. According to some scholars have calendar function, while others represented the precursors of the stele-statues, large stones engraved with anthropomorphic representations, widespread throughout the Lunigiana and dating from the Iron Age periods dall'eneolitico. With the Bronze Age (1.400-1.000 AC) states that the social organization “pagense”, common to other sectors of the Ligurian: centers, elementary, “vici”, were gathered in small districts, in “morning”, belonging to “castles”, situated in dominant positions and prevailing for defensive. The castle as close to the Cinque Terre is located on Mount Castellaro (Pinion Valley) and excavations have unearthed a large quantity of vases decorated fragment indicating a stable settlement and important. About the lines of communication used in pre-Roman times has assumed the existence of two main routes: the first from Portovenere halfway across all Cinque Terre and was probably used for transport of materials and activities related to agriculture. The second was to coincide with the ridge and used instead for a faster mobility and hunting. These were connected with the longitudinal axes aligned in the rearmost position castles. The road network does not exclude the existence of some pre-Roman times already landing on the coast of 5 Earth and then the local maritime trade.
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